National Policy On Drug Abuse; Challenges For Indonesia In Handling Drug Cases Related To President’s Statement On “Indonesia Drug Emergency”
Dr. dr. Diah Setia Utami Sp.KJ (K), MARS
Drug abuse cases in Indonesia increased year by year, prevalence of drug user in Indonesia is 2.2% of population (BNN, 2014). Drug supply through confiscation cases were increased throughout Indonesia by various ways of drug's smuggling and production. The others issue is increased of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) which are detected, there are 65 NPS were identified and 46 types already included in drug regulation yet. Estimated of drug user is 4,2 millions and mostly cases of ATS users, in spite of Narcotics Law no 35/2009 mention that drug users are must be refer to the rehabilitation facility but in fact drug related cases are dominant in prison. Increased number of drug users (estimated from household and student survey, 2016). Significant numbers of death related cases previously 40-50/day and recently estimated 33 persons/day. Due to those condition, in January 2015 President Joko Widodo was declared that Indonesia in Drug Emergency Situation. Those situation are described by: perspective prevention, is increased of experimental & recreational user; law enforcement perspective, is increased of drug confiscated and dealing increase of illegal drug user; treatment and rehabilitation perspective, is increased of drug dependent cases and increased of drug treatment demand.
Based on drug emergency situation Indonesia developed drug policy -in Supply Reduction and Demand Reduction, and these policies consolidate each others. Supply reduction program consist of; strengthening border, air and sea interdiction, optimizing criminal justice system, Increasing global, regional and national collaborative works, confiscating drug—related assets for public’s sake, encouraging drug users to receive treatment through Integrated Assessment Team, encouraging execution of death-penalty -convicted cases for deterrent effect. Demand Reduction programs are; enhancing community self- resilience by promotive & preventive strategy, developing early -detection and intervention among community, optimizing local government & community role in drug campaign, developing continuing drug treatment & rehabilitation program, Increasing accessibility of drug treatment & rehab service, increasing drug treatment quality of service. There are many challenges to implementation drug policy in Indonesia; restricted of human resources, lack of synergy among stakeholders, national standard is not available, geographic and demographic issues, lack of facilities both for supply and demand reduction and lack of budget. Keywords: drug emergency, drug policy, prevention perspective, law enforcement perspective, treatment and rehabilitation perspective
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